
End of Use
The end-of-use stage focuses on extending the life of materials and garments by enabling technologies and infrastructure that can redirect garments into reuse and recycling. This supply chain step involves innovation in sorting, chemical recycling processes, and waste match-making platforms. Directing textile waste coming from factories and households into new use phases allows the industry to reduce waste and reuse materials to build a regenerative system.
Landscapes
Discover in-depth information on the current landscape of specific topic areas within End of Use

Mechanical Recycling Landscape
This document explores the role, processes, and challenges of mechanical recycling. It examines the types of feedstock used, comparative advantages over chemical recycling, and key players in the market. Innovation opportunities and the broader impact of mechanical recycling on sustainability and circularity are also highlighted.

Chemical Recycling Landscape
This document provides an in-depth analysis of the chemical recycling landscape for textiles, focusing on polyester (PET), cellulose, and fibre blends. It examines the current state of recycling technologies, key challenges, industry players, investment trends, and innovation opportunities. The report compares mechanical and chemical recycling, highlighting the benefits, limitations, and market gaps in textile-to-textile recycling. It also explores the role of enzymatic recycling, depolymerisation, and solvent processing in advancing circularity within the fashion industry.

Footwear Recycling Landscape
The “Footwear Recycling” landscape, provides an in-depth examination of the current landscape, challenges, and innovations in footwear recycling. It highlights the industry’s struggle with complex material compositions, limited scalable recycling technologies, and the environmental impact of footwear waste. The document identifies innovation opportunities, such as debondable adhesives and mono-material designs, that can enhance recyclability and circularity. It also discusses key processes, social enterprises promoting reuse, and emerging technologies aiming to transform waste management and material regeneration within the footwear industry.

Sorting Landscape
This report explores the current state of textile sorting, highlighting the limitations of manual processes and the need for innovative technologies. It examines policy landscapes across the European Union, United States, and India, while also showcasing advancements in spectroscopic, artificial intelligence, and digital product passport-based sorting solutions. The document further presents foundational projects aimed at enhancing circularity in textile waste management.
Projects & Pilots
Dive into our archive of projects and pilots related to End of Use

Sorting for Circularity Rewear
Fashion for Good expanded its Sorting for Circularity framework to address the challenge of sorting for rewearable textiles to understand better their resale potential and the demand across the second-hand market. We launched an 18-month initiative in January 2024 in collaboration with Circle Economy, brand partners adidas, Inditex, Levi Strauss & Co. and Zalando to enhance the sorting of rewearable textiles using innovative AI technologies. The project seeks to improve garment recovery for resale, promoting circularity in the fashion industry.

Fast Feet Grinded Collaborative Pilot
The aim of the pilot was to test and validate the FastFeetGrinded footwear recycling process by evaluating the quality of outputs and understanding the environmental impacts of the process. FastFeetGrinded is a company specialising in footwear recycling that accepts all types of footwear as feedstock to produce sorted material granulates with zero waste streams. FastFeetGrinded aims to deconstruct any type of pre- and post-consumer shoe, separating footwear into substituent components, which are then subsequently grinded down and processed to create material streams for repurposed use.

Tracing Textile Waste
The Tracing Textile Waste Project by Fashion for Good and Textile Exchange focuses on improving transparency and traceability of textile waste in the reverse supply chain.

Sort to Sustain
To address the gaps in post-consumer feedstock for the development of textile-to-textile recycling in India, FFG has initiated the Sort to Sustain (STS) Project, in line with the broader ambition of the Re-START Alliance. This project focuses on enhancing the quantity, quality, and price of feedstock to support the recycling industry. The project aims to establish a circular textiles system in India by creating a robust collection and sorting ecosystem for widespread recycling implementation. Leveraging insights from the Sorting for Circularity India project, it seeks to scale sorting and pre-processing infrastructure. The goal is to support the expansion of at least four waste enterprises and set up their Textile Recovery Facilities (TRFs) by 2030.

World of Waste
World of Waste is an online tool dedicated to uniting industry-wide efforts to develop and disseminate data on textile waste. The platform consolidates data from individual studies by partnering with ecosystem players.

Sorting for Circularity India: Post-Consumer Pilot
India generates around 3,944k tonnes of post-consumer textile waste annually, with 48% viable for recycling feedstock, though inadequate sorting and recycling systems prevent full utilisation. This project involved two primary pilots that tested sorting innovations: Matoha’s FabriTell desktop scanner for semi-automated sorting and PICVISA’s ECOSORT for fully automated sorting. The pilots aimed to assess these technologies’ ability to categorise waste by fibre and colour efficiently, ultimately facilitating quality feedstock production for recycling. Initial findings suggest India could effectively harness a closed-loop textile recycling system, with cotton and polyester blends as dominant waste types.

Sorting for Circularity India: Pre-Consumer Pilot
The Sorting for Circularity India Pre-Consumer Pilot aimed to organise the Indian textile waste market by establishing a circular economy that maximises value recovery from textile waste. This pilot addressed pre-consumer waste (factory floor cutting waste) and aimed to demonstrate a 360° closed-loop system, where factory waste is segregated, digitally traced, and then processed by recyclers to produce new fibres, which are returned to the production chain. The initiative sought to enhance transparency, traceability, and efficiency in India’s textile waste management system.

Sorting for Circularity USA
The project aimed to assess the potential for fibre-to-fibre recycling in the United States. The project evaluated consumer behaviour around textile disposal and analysed post-consumer textile waste to determine its suitability for recycling. The goal was to promote circularity by improving textile collection systems and supporting the development of recycling infrastructures and technologies.

Sorting For Circularity Europe
The Sorting for Circularity Europe project was launched in early 2021 and initiated by Fashion for Good together with Circle Economy. The project was made possible by catalytic funding from Laudes Foundation and brand partners, adidas, BESTSELLER, Inditex and Zalando, with H&M Group as key project partners. The project addressed the need for data on textile waste in the market, identifying waste types and recycling opportunities.

Sorting for Circularity Framework
Launched in 2021, the Sorting for Circularity Framework aims to bridge the gap between the textile sorting and recycling industries by improving data collection on textile waste volumes and characteristics (such as composition, quality and colour). This initiative was designed to address the critical lack of information and implementation needed to enhance textile waste management and recycling processes using sorting and traceability.

Sorting for Circularity India
This project was designed to organise and optimise India’s textile waste supply chain. By evaluating various waste streams for collection, sorting, and pre-processing, the initiative aimed to enhance circularity in textiles. It sought to improve collection and sorting systems, foster recycling infrastructure, and introduce innovative solutions to generate new revenue streams and next-generation materials from textile waste-reducing reliance on virgin resources and minimising landfill and incineration.

Full Circle Textiles Project (FCTP) - Cellulosics
The Full Circle Textiles Project (FCTP) – Cellulosics Foundational Project focused on advancing chemical recycling technologies for cellulosic textiles to drive circularity within the fashion industry. The project aimed to assess innovators, validate recycling processes, and facilitate collaboration across the supply chain. Over two years, the initiative involved rigorous due diligence, pilot production phases, and the creation of sample garments using chemically recycled materials. The project identified key scaling opportunities, technological advancements, and strategic partnerships necessary to support the broader adoption of recycled fibres, while highlighting industry challenges and pathways for future growth.

Full Circle Textiles Project – Polyester (FCTP-P)
The aim of the Full Circle Textiles Project – Polyester (FCTP-P) is to validate and scale promising technologies in polyester chemical recycling and to encourage financing and offtake commitments in the fashion industry. The project builds on the framework and lessons of the Full Circle Textiles Project – Cellulosics (FCTP-C), which focused on investigating economically viable and scalable solutions for cellulosic chemical recycling. It brings together a consortium of stakeholders including brands, innovators, supply chain partners and catalytic funders – a structure that has proven successful in driving and scaling disruptive innovation in the industry. This is an ongoing project.

T-REX Project
The T-REX Project brings together 13 major players from across the entire value chain to create a harmonised EU blueprint and business opportunities for closed loop sorting, and recycling of household textile waste. Transforming end-of-use textiles, from waste, into a desired feedstock, and a commodity for new business models that can be adopted at scale.

New Cotton Project
In a world first for the fashion industry, twelve pioneering players came together to break new ground by demonstrating a circular model for commercial garment production.
Reports
Explore our in-depth reports related to End of Use

Sorting For Circularity Europe
The Sorting for Circularity Europe project was launched in early 2021 and initiated by Fashion for Good together with Circle Economy. The project was made possible by catalytic funding from Laudes Foundation and brand partners, adidas, BESTSELLER, Inditex and Zalando, with H&M Group as key project partners. The project addressed the need for data on textile waste in the market, identifying waste types and recycling opportunities.

Sorting for Circularity India
This project was designed to organise and optimise India’s textile waste supply chain. By evaluating various waste streams for collection, sorting, and pre-processing, the initiative aimed to enhance circularity in textiles. It sought to improve collection and sorting systems, foster recycling infrastructure, and introduce innovative solutions to generate new revenue streams and next-generation materials from textile waste-reducing reliance on virgin resources and minimising landfill and incineration.

T2T Polyester Benchmarking Study
This report presents the findings of the T2T Polyester Benchmarking Study, which aims to assess and compare various recycled polyester production processes. The study evaluates environmental impacts, efficiency, and sustainability to guide industry stakeholders toward better material choices.

Coming Full Circle: Innovating towards Sustainable Man-Made Cellulosic Fibres
Man-Made Cellulosic Fibres (MMCF), which are most commonly derived from wood, have the third largest share in global fibre production after polyester and cotton. They are a set of fibres with increasing importance – MMCF production has doubled in the last 30 years and is forecast for continued growth over the coming years. MMCF production has great potential from a sustainability perspective; moving production away from oil-derived synthetic fibres and reducing the depletion of freshwater through reduced cotton cultivation.