What’s the challenge?
With the global average temperature projected to rise by, or even exceed, 3°C this century — well beyond the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement, drastically curbing industry GHG emissions is an unequivocal and necessary action that must be taken in order to limit global warming.
In the fashion industry, Scope 3 emissions represent an organisation’s most significant greenhouse gas impact. On average, 96% of emissions stem from Scope 3 across those fashion brands with approved science based targets (SBTs). 55% of emissions come from Tier 2, which is material production, so there is a huge opportunity for decarbonisation in this stage of the supply chain. Equally pressing is the industry’s significant water footprint, which strains planetary boundaries and impacts global water resources. As well as its use of often hazardous and synthetic chemistry.
What do we hope to achieve by working in this area?
Decarbonisation of the supply chain is essential, with near short-term solutions like renewable energy, energy efficiency, and phasing out coal offering around 45% emissions reduction potential. However, to achieve net zero, innovation is key, contributing 36% (0.9 Gt of CO2) of the required reduction.
Fashion for Good aims to transform the apparel industry by driving the commercial adoption of such innovations for example next-gen materials, chemistry and mostly dry processes. This required collective action from all stakeholders in the industry such as brands, manufacturers, innovators, and investors. Our bold ambition is to enable embedding these innovations in the supply chain spread across geographies. To make this happen, we have to look at all solutions consequently and to avoid the carbon tunnel syndrome and holistically evaluate carbon emissions along with water, chemistry and other impact lenses. By 2030, we hope to create enough evidence that innovations have commercial viability and need to work in tandem with existing solutions to reach the next zero targets.
How do we address this area?
Working with our brand and manufacturing partners, we identify key areas contributing to increased emissions and create targeted projects and working groups focused on these areas. We are setting up industry defining initiatives to discover the possibilities and demonstrate the future realities of decarbonisation.
Fashion for Good is focusing on driving the adoption of sustainable innovations to close the decarbonisation gap, while reducing water and chemistry use. Amongst others, we are working on initiatives to accelerate the adoption of next-gen and preferred materials, including textile recycling and bio-based fabrics, while helping transition to mostly dry processing by replacing current processes with technologies that require little to no water.
PROCESSING MACHINERY
Pretreatment
Pretreatment in textile processing involves preparing fibres, yarns, or fabrics for subsequent steps like dyeing and finishing. This stage typically includes desizing, scouring, and bleaching to remove impurities, enhance absorbency, and ensure uniform dye uptake. Traditionally, these processes are water-intensive, occurring in large tanks or baths maintained at high temperatures.
Colouration
Processing machinery for colouration in textiles includes digital printing, ozone treatments, and laser technology. Digital printing applies designs directly onto fabrics with minimal water and energy use. Ozone treatments clean or bleach garments, reducing resource consumption. Laser technology creates patterns and finishes, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional methods.
Finishing
Processing machinery for textile finishing encompasses equipment used in the final stages of textile manufacturing to enhance fabric performance and aesthetics. These machines facilitate processes such as calendering, raising, and chemical treatments, which improve properties like smoothness, luster, and durability.
PROCESSING CHEMISTRY
Pretreatment Consumables
In textile processing, pretreatment consumables are chemicals used to prepare fabrics for subsequent treatments like dyeing and finishing. These include agents for desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerising, which clean and modify fibres to enhance dye uptake and fabric quality.
Dyeing Consumables
Dyeing consumables are materials used in textile dyeing processes, including dyes, chemicals, water, and energy and can be made from plant based substances, Algae & Co2. These inputs are essential for pretreatment, coloration, and finishing stages to achieve desired fabric properties. Optimising consumable use is crucial for sustainability, as dyeing consumes significant resources.
Finishing Consumables
ENERGY TRANSITION
Electrification
The energy transition involves shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, emphasizing electrification to reduce carbon emissions. In the fashion industry, this includes adopting renewable electricity and enhancing energy efficiency in stores, offices, and distribution centres.
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and Heat Batteries
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) involves capturing heat for later use, enhancing energy efficiency and supporting the shift to renewable sources. Heat batteries are a form of TES that store thermal energy, providing heating or cooling on demand. In the textile industry, TES can aid in decarbonising processes by improving energy efficiency.
Biomass
Biomass energy involves converting organic materials into heat, electricity, or biofuels. In fashion, it offers renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, aiding decarbonisation. However, its sustainability depends on responsible sourcing and processing to avoid environmental harm.
Relevant Innovators
CleanKore
CleanKore’s patented technology modifies the denim dye range to eliminate Potassium Permanganate spray, lower the carbon footprint & improve sustainability throughout the supply chain without increasing cost.
Stony Creek Colors
Stony Creek Colors creates a plant-based indigo that can replace petrochemical based synthetic indigo dyes. They optimise indigo production in a (non-GMO) closed loop process which has the potential to be carbon negative. Founded in 2012 (US).
Ever Dye
Ever Dye has developed a novel dyeing process with biobased pigments including a proprietary pretreatment, that allows for dyeing at room temperature on cellulosic yarn and fabric. The process utilises less energy than conventional dyeing and no use of petro-chemicals, and is also faster than traditional methods.
Fibre52
Fibre52 has developed a patented process for preparing and dyeing cotton and other cellulosic materials, applicable to fibres, yarn, fabric (knit and woven), and garments. This innovative technique shortens the process by over an hour compared to conventional methods and requires lower temperatures for fabric preparation.
NTX
NTX develops and commercialises eco-friendly solutions for textile coloration and processing, most notably the NTX® Cooltrans® technology. This proprietary process enables water and energy-efficient textile dyeing. NTX partners with manufacturers and brands to integrate its technologies into supply chains, supporting industry efforts to lower environmental impact.
OSM-Shield
OSM Shield has developed its ZERO chemistry solution, a high-performance technology that provides durable water and oil repellency without the use of any PFAS.
Graviky Labs
Graviky Labs turns end of use carbon emissions into inks and pigments that can be used for different printing processes such as screen, sublimation and digital. These have been used on different surfaces including paper, polyester and textiles.
T-Hues
t-Hues is a natural dye developed by Dynawash Ltd., a garment washing and dyeing specialist based in Sri Lanka, catering to some of the leading global brands.
JSP Enviro
JSP Enviro treats common effluents with Microbial fuel cells technology. The technology treats effluent water that can be reused, simultaneously producing energy thereby reducing the need for external energy, making it a self-sustainable waste-water treatment.
Dimpora
Dimpora has developed a fluorine-free membrane designed to deliver performance benefits, including high breathability and waterproof capabilities, without the use of toxic PFCs.
KBCols Sciences
KBCols Sciences use microbial pigment technology, using non-GMO naturally occurring coloured microbes sourced from the soil, water and air, to extract different natural colours that can be applied in textiles and other applications. The pigments can be used to colour most natural and synthetic fibres.
Imogo
Imogo offers a digitally enabled spray dyeing technology through its DyeMax machine, which uses a combination of a high-speed spray application with a proprietary autoclave fixation step, used for both dyeing and finishing. Their technology offers a lower use of water, chemistry, energy and increased accuracy and flexibility compared to conventional methods.
Sodhani Biotech
Sodhani Biotech produces non-toxic chemical free natural dyes and colours from plants, plant waste and microorganisms. They produce 16 natural dye extracts using optimised extraction processes that have resulted in better yields, a wider range of shades, better water solubility and good colour fastness for printing and dyeing applications.
The Fabricant
The Fabricant is a digital fashion house which specialises in photo-real 3D fashion design and animation which can be used in digital fashion editorials, digital clothing and occasional collections. Production and use of such digital garments significantly reduces CO2 emissions, nd use of digital samples during design and development phases reduces brand’s carbon footprint.
Green Whisper
Green Whisper develops, designs, and sells customised textiles produced from banana fibre, which is then woven into textiles. Using agriculture residues as raw materials limits the additonal virgin resources needed, and yarn production is done using zero chemicals.
Swatchbook
Swatchbook is a cloud platform revolutionising the exploration, visualisation and sharing of materials. The platform enables suppliers to upload their materials along with other metadata and pricing details for brands to further explore, discover and visualise materials, sharing them with other stakeholders for further use.
DyeRecycle
DyeRecycle has developed a technology that enables the reuse and recycling of dyes directly from textile waste for use in the dyeing of new fabrics. A patented solvent is used allowing for reduced chemical, water and energy usage, and the decoloured fabric/fibres can feed into recycling processes allowing new end of use streams.
huue
Huue has developed a sustainable lab produced indigo via bacteria fermentation, which is made as a pre-cursor in a pre-reduced state to combine with enzyme to achieve colour. Their biosynthetic indigo has less toxicity potential compared to chemical sources, and does not rely on petroleum.
Fermentech Labs
Fermentech Labs is addressing the disposal of agricultural and forest residues, such as straw, peels and pine needles, through a patented biotechnology using microorganisms. They convert organic waste, otherwise destined for incineration, into industrial enzymes that are used for textile bio-polishing, desizing and bio-scouring and by utilising these sustainable feedstocks, support farmers to have an alternative income stream.
Resortecs
Resortecs produces a stitching thread which dissolves when exposed to heat for easy repair and recycling of garments. This allows for reduced water usage when compared to traditional disassembly and recycling processes used in closed-loop denim production, and the solution reduces textile waste through enabled ease of recycling.
Excess Materials Exchange
The Excess Materials Exchange (EME) is a digital, facilitated marketplace where companies can exchange excess materials and products, finding new high-quality reuse options. EME uses AI to exchange data via blockchain to identify the potential added value of the material or product and finds reuse options based on the financial, environmental and social value thus aiding benefits in these areas.
Nature Coatings
Nature Coatings transforms wood waste into high performing and cost competitive black pigments, and are a direct replacement for petroleum based carbon black pigments. Their pigments do not contain toxic substances, known as PAHs, and are manufactured in a closed loop system that emits negligible amounts of CO2 or other GHGs.
Dropel
Dropel produces a biobased and biodegradable polymer using proteins in waste as feedstock, which is applied as a durable water finish compatible with natural fibres. Their manufacturing process is Bluesign certified to be free of per-fluorocarbons, nanoparticles or harmful toxins.
Pluvia
Pluvia is a brand of advanced continuous washing and bleaching machinery developed by TACHYON, a Turkish company founded in 2013 by engineers with expertise in energy efficiency and recovery systems for the textile industry. Pluvia offers CE-certified solutions that integrate seamlessly into production lines. The machines use optimised mechanical design and process control to improve washing efficiency and fastness performance and are designed to reduce water, energy, and chemical consumption in textile finishing processes. The technology is implemented in various configurations to suit different fabric types and production setups, and is currently in use across several global textile manufacturing regions.
Nordshield
Nordshield provides anti-mould, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and insect repellency finishes based on natural resources (waste from the forestry industry), which are free from heavy metals. Easy to apply both during production and as a post-treatment, products retain the anti-microbial effect even at high temperatures and after multiple washes.
Indra Water
Indra Water has developed affordable, fully automated wastewater management treatment and packaged re-cycling solutions. The process is capable of a variety of water treatment through novel innovations in electro-coagulation, electro-chemical oxidation, two-phase solids separation, disinfection, distillation and pollutant monitoring hardware.
Returnity
Returnity designs, implements and manages reusable shipping and delivery packaging systems for brands and retailers. Their offering reduces plastic packaging waste and carbon emissions of the packaging process.
Algaeing
Algaeing is a textile innovation company that uses microalgae to manufacture fibres and dyes in a closed loop system that can be used with existing production machinery. Algaeing claims that its algae-based technology uses no chemicals, no fertilisers, and does not emit CO2.
Provenance
Provenance produces animal-free type I collagen for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and packaging industries. Using this technology to bio-engineer a true leather equivalent by programming the self-assembly of collagen molecules the building blocks of leather.
Lamoral Coatings
Lamoral commercialises a high-performance, bio-based, fluor-free coating to replace today’s PFAS coatings and improve current C-0 offerings. With a bio-based, PFC- and MEKO-free truly durable water repellent that protects garments and their users from the elements.
Colorifix
Colorifix have developed a synthetic biology process through DNA sequencing to produce, deposit and fix pigments onto textiles. The process avoids the use of hazardous chemicals and reduces water and energy use and waste.
E.DYE
E-dye® Waterless colour system uses a solution dyeing process particularly for synthetic fibres like polyester. During this process, the pigment recipe is mixed with PET chips (virgin or recycled) before they are melted and spun into yarn. The solution consisting of polyester and the pigment(s) is heated into a liquid state and extruded into filaments. This way, the colour becomes essentially integrated within the fibres themselves.
The Renewal Workshop
The Renewal Workshop takes damaged inventory and returns and processes them into Renewed Apparel, upcycling materials, or feedstock for recycling. Data is collected and shared with partners to help them improve design, production and impact. The Renewal Workshop operates a zero waste circular system that recovers the full value out of what has already been created to help brands reduce waste, recover value, and profit in recommerce. In 2021, The Renewal Workshop was acquired by Bleckmann who still offer the same services in the US.
Unspun
Unspun is an on-demand additive manufacturing company that uses 3D scanning and fit algorithms to generate digital consumer sizing to create on-demand customised jeans with optimised fit through 3D weaving. The technique eliminates back-end inventory, reduces wasteful processes and ultimately increases the lifespan and wear-ability of your garments.
Paptic
Paptic manufactures bio-based alternative packaging materials that are made from sustainably sourced wood fibres, which can also be recycled alongside cardboard. This enables companies to reduce their plastic waste from packaging materials.
Pili-bio
Pili Bio uses microorganisms to produce organic dyes to replace petrochemical and vegetal versions, with comparatively lower CO2 emissions from production. The technology is based on microbial enzymes, re-engineered to produce carbon feedstocks, such as sugar, into textile dyes.
Alchemie Technology
Alchemie Technology has developed clean-tech dyeing and finishing processes which are enabled by its unique digital fluid jetting technology. Alchemie’s digital manufacturing solutions for dyeing and finishing deliver reductions in operational costs and environmental impact: reducing wastewater, chemistry and energy consumption.
SeaChange Technologies
SeaChange Technologies, Inc. has developed a solution to eliminate wastewater based on a novel mechanical, non-membrane, zero-liquid-discharge desalination system. The elimination of sludge through the Seachange process results in a net reduction of landfill waste and GHG emissions.
Vienna Textile Lab
Vienna Textile Lab fabricate organic textile dyes from naturally occurring bacteria to provide a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic colours. The process emits less carbon than traditional dyes, requires no agricultural surface, and no crude oil is needed.
WeAreSpinDye
WeAreSpinDye have developed a colouring method focusing on the colouration of recycled polyester before it is extruded to fibre and spun onto yarn without the use of water. Compared to traditional dyeing methods their process uses less water, chemical and energy consumption, and works exlusively with recycled polyester made from post-consumer water bottles, or wasted clothing, aiding circular production.
Living Ink
Living Ink is a biotechnology company transforming waste-algae material into a bio-based carbon black, UV stable and has the potential to be carbon negative. This algae black is a replacement for petrochemical carbon black, with reduced CO2 emissions in comparison to the latter.
Pure Waste
Pure Waste produces yarns, fabrics, and garments made from 100% recycled pre-and post-consumer waste cotton fibres mixed with recycled PET polyester. By using recycled materials instead of virgin fibres they utilise less water, reduce CO2 emissions and textile waste through recycling.
Sonovia
Sonovia is a textile‑tech company that applies ultrasonic cavitation to mechanically embed water‑based, non‑toxic dyes into natural fibers, primarily cotton denim yarns. The process generates high‑velocity micro‑jets through rapid bubble implosions.
Lucro
Lucro produces high quality recycled plastic waste to make products, ultimately seeking to close the loop. Lucro caters to big industries including retail, FMCG and automotive, exporting their products to the US and Europe.
Dryfiber
The DRYFIBER polymer chemistry involves applying a thin polymeric coating to textiles, creating a microscopically rough surface that acts as a chemical barrier. This coating repels oil-based stains while maintaining fabric texture and softness. DRYFIBER is ideal for industrial fabrics, apparel, upholstery, automotive textiles, and carpets. It can be dip or spray-coated, offering a high-performance, non-fluorinated alternative.
SoftWear Automation Inc
SoftWear Automation’s fully automated sewbot worklines combine patented computer vision with robotics to produce t-shirts hands-free, which fully configurable and adaptable to unique product specifications for different styles. The automated process reduces carbon footprint per t-shirt from local supply chain transportation.
MTI-X
MTI-X Ltd. is an advanced materials and processing technology company which developed MLSE (Multiplexed Laser Surface Enhancement) systems to digitally pretreat and finish both natural and synthetic textile materials. It uses less energy, chemicals and water than conventional pretreatments, and safe and inert gases.
Demeta Solutions
Demeta Solutions is specialising in the development of new high-performance materials and chemicals. They are currently developing bio-based pigments and dyes that can be used to replace synthetic chemistry and are safer in terms of toxicity.
WiseEye
WiseEye provides intelligent solutions for automating the inspection processes along the fashion and textile supply chain. They specialise in computer vision, image feature extraction, pattern recognition and deep learning technologies to automatically and instantly detect and grade the defects on woven and knitted textile materials, reducing loss and wastage due to faulty textiles by 90%.
Indidye
IndiDye is a manufacturer natural dyes that achieve industry standard color fastness without the use of traditional mordants, with the applied via an ultrasonic dyeing technology. Their process gives water savings over conventional dye bath methods.
Norman Hangers
Norman Hangers produces hangers made of paper or recycled cardboard, which at their end of use fit into paper recycling systems. With this, plastic is eliminated and recycling is readily accessible, offering a sustainable marketing tool for visual merchandising.
Officina +39: Recycrom
Recycrom is a patented sustainable dyestuff range made from used clothes, fibrous material and textile scraps. Officina +39 has developed a system to reprocess these inputs and transform them into coloured powder that can be used to dye cotton, wool, nylon, or any natural fibre blend – this offer has environmental advantages over the standard production process.
Tersus Solutions
Tersus enables premium brands, such as The North Face, Patagonia, REI, Eileen Fisher, Allbirds, Stio, and Dope Snow, amongst many others, to participate in the circular economy through offering the an advanced and environmentally friendly waterless cleaning technology alongside a full suite of textile reclamation and single SKU logistics services. As part of the textile reclamation services Tersus also cleans fire turnout gear and entered the down recycling market in 2020.
LiteHide
LiteHide™ by LeatherTeq offers a patented process which eliminates the use of salt in the preservation of animal hides for leather making. Their process eliminates salt in hide preservation, reduces water usage and carbon emissions involved in leather manufacturing.
GRINP
GRINP develops and produces machines using their proprietary atmospheric plasma technology. Their industrial machines can replace traditional pre-treatments such as bleaching. They also provide machines that combine different technological innovations like ultrasounds and continuous nucleation that can provide a modular set-up to cater to different processes. Their machines can replace traditional pretreatment of cotton (+bleaching), polyester and wool, preparing the fabric for dyeing and printing.
Aquaporin
Aquaporin is dedicated to solving global challenges of water pollution and scarcity. Their solution is an energy-efficient industrial water filtration technology that mimicks biological membranes, and is capable of recovering up to 95% of clean water for reuse.
Tamicare
Cosyflex® by Tamicare is a 3D printing technology which uses additive manufacturing techniques to apply layers of raw materials (e.g. cotton) and water-based polymers to create finished textile products. This mass production technology allows manufacturers to reduce the wasteful and chemically hazardous processes of dyeing and cut-make-trim.
eCO2Dye
eCO2Dye has developed a waterless textile dyeing process and equipment for dyeing, using carbon dioxide as the solvent for dyeing as opposed to water. Thus eCO2Dye’s process generates no waste water, and the reduced steps involved in their dyeing reduces the footprint of the dyeing plant.
Deven Supercriticals
Deven Supercriticals has developed a dyeing and finishing technology using supercritical CO2. They offer an efficient single step dyeing as well as finishing technology for man-made, natural and blended textiles. Their supercritical CO2 based dyeing allows the use of traditional dyes, improved dye utilisation, easy scale-up and less than half the batch time needed in current supercritical CO2 dyeing processes.
Zydex
Zydex is a specialty chemicals company committed to the conservation of resources offering a diverse set of chemical technologies for the Textile, Agriculture, Pavement and Construction Industries. Zydex manufactures globally benchmarked pigment printing thickeners, dyeing & levelling chemicals, binders and additives.
WEKO
WEKO Holding GmbH, founded in 1954, is a global industrial solutions provider whose diverse technology portfolio includes expertise in non-contact fluid and powder application, spanning industries such as textiles, nonwovens, paper, packaging, wood composites, film laminates, abrasives, and metal coatings.
CHT Group
CHT Group is a global specialty chemicals company providing textile dyes, auxiliaries, and functional additives across multiple industries, with a strong focus on sustainability and resource efficiency.
Baldwin
Fuelled by 100 years of innovation, Baldwin Technology Company Inc. is a leading global manufacturer and supplier of innovative process automation, equipment, parts service and consumables for a number of industries, including printing, packaging, textiles, and electronics. Operating in 14 locations across 10 countries, Baldwin’s innovations have improved workflow automation and process efficiency.
Relevant Resources
Explore tools, news, reports, and insights at the forefront of creating a positive future for the fashion industry.
FAQ's
What does “decarbonisation” mean in the context of fashion?
Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the fashion supply chain, particularly targeting Scope 3 emissions (e.g. materials, processing, logistics), to align with climate goals like limiting global warming to 1.5 °C.
Why is decarbonisation a priority for fashion?
Because the industry’s impact spans land use, water use, chemical use, biodiversity loss, and GHG emissions; decarbonisation is key to meeting regulatory, investor, consumer, and planetary pressures.
How much of a fashion company’s emissions typically come from Scope 3?
On average, 96 % of emissions for fashion brands with validated Science Based Targets are Scope 3. Of that, about 55 % originates in Tier 2 (material production).
What are the levers for decarbonisation that Fashion for Good supports?
- Energy transition (renewables, electrification, heat storage)
- Process innovation (mostly dry / low‑water processing, digital printing, ozone, laser)
- Chemistry innovation (biobased, low-impact dyes and finishes)
- Material transition (next-gen, preferred materials)
What is the “carbon tunnel syndrome” and why does Fashion for Good caution against it?
It refers to focusing solely on carbon reductions while neglecting other impact areas (water, chemistry, biodiversity). Fashion for Good emphasises a holistic evaluation across multiple environmental lenses.
Which projects or initiatives are active in decarbonisation via Fashion for Good?
- Advanced Processing Matrix (APM) — validating dry or mostly dry processing innovations
- D(R)YE Factory of the Future — piloting low-water / waterless textile processing in partnership with brands and manufacturers
- Future Forward Factories — creating blueprints for net‑zero / near-zero processing facilities
- Dyestuff Library — assessing sustainable dyes to reduce environmental impact in coloration and finishing
- From Waste to Black Pigment — validating pigment derived from waste to replace fossil fuel–derived carbon black
How much of the emissions abatement can innovation realistically contribute?
Existing levers like renewable energy and energy efficiency can account for ~45 % of required reductions; innovation must contribute ~36 % (≈ 0.9 Gt CO₂e) toward achieving net zero.
What challenges do brands or manufacturers face in adopting decarbonisation technologies?
Some common barriers include:
- High upfront capital costs and uncertain ROI
- Performance risk and lack of operational validation
- Integration with existing infrastructure
- Fragmented demand and scaling challenges
- Supply chain alignment and coordination
How can a brand or manufacturer engage or begin with decarbonisation?
- Pilot and validate low-impact processing technologies
- Commit to offtake or demand signals for new innovations
- Engage with FFG’s working groups, tools (e.g. APM), or collaborative projects
- Invest in factory upgrades or energy transition pathways, e.g. via the Future Forward Factory initiative
- Collaborate with chemistry, materials, innovation partners