Sorting for Circularity India
This project was designed to organise and optimise India’s textile waste supply chain. By evaluating various waste streams for collection, sorting, and pre-processing, the initiative aimed to enhance circularity in textiles. It sought to improve collection and sorting systems, foster recycling infrastructure, and introduce innovative solutions to generate new revenue streams and next-generation materials from textile waste-reducing reliance on virgin resources and minimising landfill and incineration.
Problem Statement
India is among the world’s largest textile and apparel sourcing regions and one of the leading apparel markets globally. With high volumes of production and consumption, comes a significant quantity of textile waste comprising both pre-consumer textile waste and post-consumer textile waste. If effectively mapped and sorted, this waste could serve as quality feedstock for recycling technologies and support a circular textile value chain.
Executive Summary
Sorting for Circularity India was launched in November 2021, with partners adidas, Levi Strauss & Co., PVH Corp., Target, H&M, Primark, TESCO, GAP, Arvind Limited, Birla Cellulose, and Welspun India. This 26-month project provided an in-depth analysis of India’s waste supply chain, encompassing comprehensive studies, pilot initiatives, and business case evaluations across various waste streams.
The project resulted in four key reports and 1 toolkit:
Sorting for Circularity Toolkit
Which collectively showcased a range of opportunities, solutions and advancements. These efforts have contributed significantly to strengthening India’s waste supply chain and fostering innovation, investments and policy discussions in the Indian textile industry.
Goals of the Project
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Understand the current textile waste material flow in India including volumes, categories and value of textile waste from pre-consumer, domestic post-consumer, and imported.
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Demonstrate post-industrial and post-consumer (domestic) pilots.
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Assess business cases for sorters using manual, semi-automated and automated sorting technologies.
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Timeline
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November 2021
Project Launch
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Q4 2021 - Q3 2022
On-ground research and analysis for the landscape study; Launch of Wealth in Waste report on 27th July 2022
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Q2 2022 - Q4 2022
Pre-consumer Pilot demonstration with Reverse Resources seven active manufacturers; learnings report published in December 2022.
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Q1 2023 - Q2 2023
Post-consumer Pilot demonstration with Matoha, Picvisa and four sorters – Saahas Zero Waste, Greenworms, Hasirudala Innovations and Uptex; learnings report published in September 2023.
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Q3 2023 - Q4 2023
On-ground research and analysis for the Business Case assessment for sorters; launched report in December 2023.
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December 2023
Project Close
Project Results
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Potential for High-Quality Feedstock Collection and Sorting: India has strong potential to collect, sort and pre-process substantial amounts of high-quality feedstock suitable for recyclers.
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Annual Textile Waste Accumulation and Utilisation: India generates approximately 7.7 million tonnes (8.5% of global textile waste) annually, with 59% reused or recycled domestically but limited global integration due to quality and visibility challenges. The remaining 41% is downcycled, incinerated, or landfilled.
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Composition and location of India’s Textile Waste: Of the 7.7 million tonnes, 3,265 KTonnes are pre-consumer, 3,944 KTonnes are post-consumer domestic, and 584 KTonnes are imported. Cotton and blends dominate (61%), though synthetic blends are rising and now represent about 19%. Most of the textile waste generated domestically and imported to India converges at Panipat and Tirupur, which are major recycling hubs, followed by Amroha and parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Gujarat which have medium to small-scale recycling facilities.
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Competitive Feedstock Costs: Feedstock costs in India are competitive within Asia, with quality differentiation driving price variance.
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Efficiency in a Fragmented Waste Supply Chain: Despite a fragmented supply chain, the project showcased effective use cases, including high-grade mechanical recycling, post-industrial traceability, and enhanced sorting technology for value-added recycling outputs.
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Infrastructure Needs for Collection and Sorting: Building collection, sorting, and resale channels is crucial for developing profitable business models for sorting operations. Developing this infrastructure will require funding and policy incentives to ensure scalability.
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Business Case Assessment for Sorters: About 48% of the Post-consumer Domestic Waste (PCD) has the potential to be valorised via formalised sorting hubs. Out of this, 35% of the waste can have better utilisation by adopting semiautomated & automated technologies, leading to a revenue increase of 10%. At an industry level, this translates to 1,380 kilo tonnes of waste and INR 388 Cr (going up to INR 1,348 crores in some cases) of additional revenue in one year. However, an enabling environment needs to be created to make these technologies economically viable for a sorting hub.
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In-Depth Insights Available in Toolkit: Further details are available in the Sorting for Circularity India Toolkit.
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Additionally: Annex 1, Annex 2, References, Glossary
Innovation Partners
Project Partners
Implementation Partners
Advisory Partner
Linked Projects
Sorting for Circularity India: Post-Consumer Pilot
India generates around 3,944k tonnes of post-consumer textile waste annually, with 48% viable for recycling feedstock, though inadequate sorting and recycling systems prevent full utilisation. This project involved two primary pilots that tested sorting innovations: Matoha’s FabriTell desktop scanner for semi-automated sorting and PICVISA’s ECOSORT for fully automated sorting. The pilots aimed to assess these technologies’ ability to categorise waste by fibre and colour efficiently, ultimately facilitating quality feedstock production for recycling. Initial findings suggest India could effectively harness a closed-loop textile recycling system, with cotton and polyester blends as dominant waste types.
Sorting for Circularity India: Pre-Consumer Pilot
The Sorting for Circularity India Pre-Consumer Pilot aimed to organise the Indian textile waste market by establishing a circular economy that maximises value recovery from textile waste. This pilot addressed pre-consumer waste (factory floor cutting waste) and aimed to demonstrate a 360° closed-loop system, where factory waste is segregated, digitally traced, and then processed by recyclers to produce new fibres, which are returned to the production chain. The initiative sought to enhance transparency, traceability, and efficiency in India’s textile waste management system.
Relevant Resources
Fashion for Good Launches The Sorting for Circularity India Project
Report Launch: Fashion Innovation Landscape in India
Sorting for Circularity India Toolkit Launched: Pioneering Partnership Sets India on Path to Next-Gen Textiles Leadeship
Wealth in Waste: India's Potential to Lead Circular Textile Sourcing
Launch of Sorting For Circularity India
Project to Build a New Textile Waste Value Chain in India
Together with partners Adidas, Levi Strauss & Co, and PVH Corp, Fashion for Good is backing a new consortium project to understand both the pre-consumer and post-consumer textile waste streams in India, and to pilot sorting and mapping solutions. The Sorting for Circularity India Project aims to build an infrastructure towards greater circularity in the years to come.
Other Projects
Behind the Break
In early 2024, Fashion for Good and The Microfibre Consortium joined forces on “Behind the Break: Exploring Fibre Fragmentation”, a collaborative project designed to advance the industry’s understanding of fibre fragmentation. Although fibre fragmentation is an issue that spans multiple industries, this project specifically focuses on the textile and fashion value chain, aligning with the missions of Fashion for Good and its partners to drive systemic change towards a more sustainable industry.
Future Forward Factories
The “Future Forward Factories” project, initiated by Fashion for Good, focuses on transforming tier 2 processing in the textile industry through innovative low-impact, decarbonisation solutions. It aims to generate actionable blueprints for factories of the future that combine renewable energy and technology upgradation including mostly dry processing innovations. These blueprints take into account the macro geographical factors that are customised for every product to achieve next-zero facilities with a strong return on investment. The blueprint also takes into account the Just Transition lens to ensure that the transitioning from a conventional to Future Forward Factories is inclusive and people-centric.
World of Waste
World of Waste is an online tool dedicated to uniting industry-wide efforts to develop and disseminate data on textile waste. The platform consolidates data from individual studies by partnering with ecosystem players.
