
The Rise of Reusable Packaging: Understanding the Impact and Mapping a Path to Scale
The fashion industry faces a growing plastic pollution problem, with single-use plastic packaging used throughout the supply chain and at the consumer level being a major contributor. Reusable packaging systems offer a potential solution, but their adoption requires a thorough understanding of their environmental impact and the challenges of implementation. This report aims to provide insights into the potential of reusable packaging systems to reduce the environmental footprint of the fashion industry.
Executive Summary
Reusable packaging systems are gaining traction as a sustainable alternative to single-use plastic packaging. This report analyses the environmental impact of reusable packaging and identifies key considerations for its successful implementation. The findings highlight the potential of reusable packaging to reduce waste and carbon emissions, but also emphasise the importance of careful design and implementation to achieve these benefits. The report concludes with recommendations for brands, retailers, and policymakers to accelerate the adoption of reusable packaging systems.
Goals of the Report
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Analyse the environmental impact of reusable packaging systems.
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Identify the key factors that influence the success of reusable packaging systems.
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Provide recommendations for brands, retailers, and policymakers to accelerate the adoption of reusable packaging systems.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Reusable packaging systems offer a promising solution to the fashion industry’s plastic pollution problem. However, their successful implementation requires careful consideration of various factors, including material selection, system design, and consumer behaviour. The report recommends that brands, retailers, and policymakers collaborate to create an enabling environment for adopting reusable packaging systems.
Glossary
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Base Case: A fixed point of reference, representative of the current scenario, used for comparison purposes.
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Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2 eq): A metric measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based on their global-warming potential (GWP) by converting amounts of other gases to the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide with the same global warming potential.
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Centralised Reusable System: A reusable system that utilises an additional node for packaging to pass through for cleaning, maintenance, or other purposes – separate from the distribution centre.
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Cycle: The process of packaging being sent from the Distribution Centre (DC) to the consumer and then returned to the DC.
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Decentralised Reusable System: A reusable system that does not utilise an additional node for packaging – all cleaning or maintenance takes place within the distribution centre, i.e., not centralised in one place.
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Distribution Centre (DC): A specialised building designed to store products for retailers and wholesalers, redistributed to another location or directly to customers.
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Eco-costs: Eco-costs are a measure to express the amount of environmental burden of a product based on preventing that burden.
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E-commerce: Refers to buying and selling goods or services using the internet and transferring money and data to execute these transactions.
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Fast Track LCA: The ‘Fast Track’ LCA is where the output of the classical LCA (materials with existing quantified environmental impact) is input for the Fast Track calculation, and where the methodological focus is on the comparison of design alternatives.
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Last Mile: Last-mile logistics refers to the final step of the delivery process from a distribution centre or facility to the end-user.
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A methodological framework for estimating and assessing the environmental impacts attributable to the life cycle of a product.
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Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Mailer: Self-sealing envelopes commonly used in shipping apparel in e-commerce.
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Node: An additional connection point between two parts of the supply chain.
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Non-Return Rate: The rate at which reusable packaging is not returned from the consumer back to the brand.
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Reverse Logistics: The process of moving goods from their typical final destination (to the distribution centre or manufacturer) for capturing value or proper disposal.
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Single-Use Plastic: Goods made primarily from fossil fuel-based chemicals (petrochemicals) and meant to be disposed of right after use.
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Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Companies: A provider that offers outsourced logistics services, which encompass anything that involves management of one or more facets of procurement, distribution, and fulfilment activities.
Relevant Resources

Home-Compostable Polybag Project
The aim of the project was to explore and validate bio-based, home-compostable polybags. To assess their suitability as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil-fuel-based plastic packaging, addressing the fashion industry’s plastic waste problem.

Reusable Packaging Pilot
This project focused on reusable packaging in the fashion e-commerce industry. It examined the environmental impact of transitioning from single-use to reusable packaging solutions, aiming to reduce plastic waste and carbon emissions. The study highlighted the variables that influence the viability of reusable packaging and offers insights on implementation and scaling strategies.

The Path To Scaling Reusable Packaging In E-commerce

Unpacking the Packaging Problem: Solutions and Strategies

Seaweed-Based Sway Against Single-Use Plastic Packaging
Annually, we use about about 500 billion plastic bags to store, transport, and protect garments, footwear and accessories. Less than 15% of polybags in circulation are collected for recycling, according to Fashion for Good. However, if the startup Sway has its way, more thin film packaging like polybags, retail bags, and wrappers will be compostable and even carbon negative. The packaging company makes seaweed-based, home-compostable replacements for plastic packaging, which even come in bright, cheerful colours.

Fashion for Good Expands Polybag Recycling Work
Global sustainability initiative Fashion For Good (FFG) has partnered with UK recycler First Mile to streamline plastic polybag recycling efforts in London, as it expands the outlook of its Plastics Packaging Project.

Podcast: Are Polybags Still in Fashion?
Ashley Holding, innovation manager at Fashion for Good and Adam Gendell, associate director of GreenBlue’s flagship project, the Sustainable Packaging Coalition, discuss findings from their joint whitepaper.
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